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Timothy Gowers

Mathematician · Fields Medalist

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Major milestones over time

The Mathocalypse

The Mathocalypse Last night my 9-year-old son was taunting my wife, complexity theorist Dana Moshkovitz, as follows: “mommy, I heard you got cooked! I heard that a robot solved the math problem you worked on for your whole career! OOF!” While my son was being a brat, he also wasn’t wrong. Whether you’re thrilled, depressed, angry, or whatever else about it, yesterday was surely one of the biggest days in mathematical

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OpenAI Releases 722 Math Manuscripts in One Night, Spanning Riemann, Hodge and BSD

OpenAI has released 722 mathematics manuscripts produced by a single unreleased internal model, grouped into 372 results across 17 areas. According to the company, the model tried roughly 4,000 research problems, with each result consuming compute equal to about three hours of ChatGPT Pro thinking. Papers, source code and some Lean proofs were posted to GitHub, along with 10 model reasoning summaries. Headline claims

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Tapio Schneider on understanding and trust in AI for mathematics, science, and engineering

[This is a guest post by Tapio Schneider . This blog post was initially written in a different file format and converted using AI. — T.] [This will be cross-posted on the CliMA blog .] The apparent proof of finite-time blow-up of the forced Navier-Stokes equation, announced by OpenAI on September 8, has brought into focus a debate about the role of AI in mathematics. The proof was produced with a system of some 10,00

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Former OpenAI Post-Training VP Responds to Terence Tao: Don't Frame AI's Future by Today's Limits

A statement signed by 25 Fields medalists, posted by Terence Tao on September 11 under the title 《人工智能在数学中的严重错位》, argues that AI companies' focus on solving famous mathematical problems seriously diverges from the community's goals of conceptual understanding, method development, and knowledge transmission. Former OpenAI VP of post-training Liam Fedus responds that today's AI limits should not frame future possibilit

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GPT-6 Astra Clears the Last FrontierMath Tier 4 Problem, Prompting Epoch AI to Call the Tier Saturated

Epoch AI says FrontierMath Tier 4 is now "saturated": by its accounting, when attempts across different models and different time periods are accumulated, every Tier 4 problem has been correctly solved by an AI at least once. OpenAI reports a score of 97.6% for GPT-6 Astra, which solved the one problem that had never been cracked before. When Tier 4 launched on July 11, 2025, the top score on the board was only about

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What sort of maths are LLMs good at?

For the sake of anyone who might read this blog post in the distant future (a month from now, say), let me mention that I am writing it a few days after OpenAI announced that it had solved ten major problems in mathematics and theoretical computer science, including the first construction of a non-sofic group, and a proof that the multicolour Ramsey number (where there are 3’s) grows superexponentially in . The first

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Thoughts about the Leiden Declaration

The author recounts attending a workshop on mathematics and AI, which produced the Leiden Declaration, now signed by over 3000 people. Although he did not sign, he clarifies it is not due to disagreement but rather uncertainty about some confident assertions and recommendations. He appreciates the declaration's role in focusing attention on pressing issues, and quotes its passage on characteristic values of mathemati

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OpenAI's math breakthrough played to AI's strengths

Last week, OpenAI announced that an internal AI model had disproved the Erdős unit distance conjecture, a famous problem in discrete geometry that had stumped human mathematicians for the last 80 years. OpenAI gave several mathematicians early access to the result and published their reactions. Tim Gowers — who won the Fields Medal, the most prestigious prize in mathematics — wrote that “there is no doubt that the so

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A Recent Experience with ChatGPT 5.5 Pro

We are all having to keep revising upwards our assessments of the mathematical capabilities of large language models. I have just made a fairly large revision as a result of ChatGPT 5.5 Pro, to which I am fortunate to have been given access, producing a piece of PhD-level research in an hour or so, with no serious mathematical input from me. The background is that, as has been widely reported, LLMs are now capable of

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