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James Zou

Associate Professor at Stanford

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Thinking Inertia: LLMs Keep Thinking When Told Not To

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly ship with explicit "thinking modes", yet their counterpart, "no-thinking", has received far less attention. We study LLMs' no-thinking behavior along two axes. a. How to measure no-thinking? Prior work typically defines no-thinking through proxies such as a disabled thinking mode or the absence of long traces. These proxies are unreliable: disabled thinking modes may still em

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How a team of AIs discovered a promising lung-cancer drug

It’s a pharmaceutical-company executive’s dream: tens of thousands of employees working day and night, uninterrupted by meals, sleep or distraction, to find the next blockbuster drug. A sophisticated artificial-intelligence system called the Virtual Biotech, which is described today in the journal Science1, is a step towards this vision. The Virtual Biotech comprises as many as 37,000 agents — AI systems that autonom

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Interview: James Zou — EMJ

James Zou | Associate Professor of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, California, USA Citation: EMJ. 2026;11[1]:28-31. https://doi.org/10.33590/emj/OR9BWSEN When did you first become interested in applying AI to clinical research? I’ve been working at the intersection of AI and biomedicine for about 15 years now, since my PhD. My initial work was more focused on using AI to enable biomedical discoveries. W

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